Izvorni kod stranice Fosfolipaza A2

{{Infobox Enzim
| Name = Fosfolipaza A2
| EC_number = 3.1.1.4
| CAS_number = 9001-84-7
| IUBMB_EC_number = 3/1/1/4
| GO_code = 
| image = 
| width = 
| caption =
}}
{{Pfam_box
| Symbol = Phospholip_A2_1
| Name = Fosfolipaza A2
| image = 1poc.png
| width =
| caption = Ee venom fosfolipaza A2 sPLA2. 
| Pfam= PF00068
| InterPro= IPR001211
| SMART=
| PROSITE= PDOC00109
| SCOP = 1bbc
| TCDB =
| OPM family= 90
| OPM protein= 1g4i
| PDB={{PDB3|1vkq}}A:23-145    {{PDB3|1mks}} :23-145    {{PDB3|1gh4}}A:23-145
{{PDB3|4bp2}} :23-145    {{PDB3|1kvw}} :23-145    {{PDB3|1irb}} :23-145
{{PDB3|1kvx}} :23-145    {{PDB3|1o2e}}A:23-145    {{PDB3|2bpp}} :23-145
{{PDB3|1une}} :23-145    {{PDB3|1vl9}}A:23-145    {{PDB3|1g4i}}A:23-145
{{PDB3|1bvm}}A:23-145    {{PDB3|1o3w}}A:23-145    {{PDB3|2bp2}} :23-145
{{PDB3|1mkv}} :23-145    {{PDB3|1ceh}} :23-145    {{PDB3|1bpq}} :23-145
{{PDB3|1mku}} :23-145    {{PDB3|1bp2}} :23-145    {{PDB3|1c74}}A:23-145
{{PDB3|3bp2}} :24-145    {{PDB3|1kvy}} :23-145    {{PDB3|1fdk}} :23-145
{{PDB3|1mkt}} :23-145    {{PDB3|2bax}}A:23-145    {{PDB3|1y6o}}A:23-146
{{PDB3|2phi}}A:23-146    {{PDB3|1hn4}}A:23-146    {{PDB3|1y6p}}A:23-146
{{PDB3|1fxf}}B:23-146    {{PDB3|1fx9}}B:23-146    {{PDB3|1l8s}}B:23-146
{{PDB3|1pis}} :23-146    {{PDB3|1sfw}} :23-146    {{PDB3|1sfv}} :23-146
{{PDB3|1pir}} :23-146    {{PDB3|3p2p}}B:23-146    {{PDB3|5p2p}}B:23-146
{{PDB3|4p2p}} :23-146    {{PDB3|1p2p}} :23-146    {{PDB3|1m8t}}D:28-146
{{PDB3|1gp7}}B:28-151    {{PDB3|1pob}}A:28-145    {{PDB3|1poa}} :28-145
{{PDB3|1psh}}A:1-118     {{PDB3|1ows}}B:4-118     {{PDB3|1a3f}}C:1-118
{{PDB3|1a3d}} :1-118     {{PDB3|1sz8}}A:8-125     {{PDB3|1ln8}}A:8-125
{{PDB3|1yxl}}A:8-125     {{PDB3|1t37}}A:8-125     {{PDB3|1mf4}}A:8-125
{{PDB3|1zm6}}A:8-125     {{PDB3|1oxr}}A:8-125     {{PDB3|1td7}}A:9-125
{{PDB3|1mh2}}B:8-125     {{PDB3|1xxw}}B:8-125     {{PDB3|1s6b}}B:8-125
{{PDB3|1yxh}}A:8-125     {{PDB3|1y75}}A:8-124     {{PDB3|1mh8}}A:8-125
{{PDB3|1mh7}}A:8-125     {{PDB3|1oo1}}A:1-117     {{PDB3|1g2x}}A:28-141
{{PDB3|1fe5}}A:28-144    {{PDB3|1dpy}}A:28-144    {{PDB3|1po8}}A:34-132
{{PDB3|1u4j}}A:20-136    {{PDB3|1tc8}}A:20-136    {{PDB3|1ae7}}N:1-118
{{PDB3|2not}}A:1-118     {{PDB3|1lx1}}A:1-118     {{PDB3|1bun}}A:28-146
{{PDB3|1vip}}P:1-121     {{PDB3|1oz6}}A:17-136    {{PDB3|1q5t}}B:1-122
{{PDB3|1aok}}A:1-122     {{PDB3|1jlt}}A:1-122     {{PDB3|1vpi}} :1-122
{{PDB3|1oqs}}A:17-138    {{PDB3|1rgb}}A:1-122     {{PDB3|1pp2}}L:17-138
{{PDB3|1ijl}}A:1-123     {{PDB3|1m8r}}A:1-124     {{PDB3|1bk9}} :1-124
{{PDB3|1psj}} :1-124     {{PDB3|1m8s}}A:1-124     {{PDB3|1vap}}A:1-123
{{PDB3|1u73}}B:17-138    {{PDB3|1umv}}X:17-138    {{PDB3|1pa0}}B:1-119
{{PDB3|1pc9}}B:1-119     {{PDB3|1qll}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1xxs}}B:1-122
{{PDB3|1clp}}B:1-121     {{PDB3|1y4l}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1god}}A:1-121
{{PDB3|1s8i}}A:17-137    {{PDB3|1s8h}}A:17-137    {{PDB3|1s8g}}A:17-137
{{PDB3|1ppa}} :1-121     {{PDB3|1mc2}}A:17-138    {{PDB3|1mg6}}A:17-138
{{PDB3|1gmz}}B:1-106     {{PDB3|1bjj}}F:1-122     {{PDB3|1a2a}}F:1-122
{{PDB3|1c1j}}C:1-122     {{PDB3|1jia}}B:18-138    {{PDB3|1b4w}}C:18-138
{{PDB3|1y38}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1cl5}}B:1-121     {{PDB3|1jq9}}A:1-121
{{PDB3|2fnx}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1tg1}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1fv0}}A:1-121
{{PDB3|1tj9}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1tjq}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1sxk}}A:1-121
{{PDB3|1tp2}}B:1-121     {{PDB3|1zyx}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1tdv}}A:1-121
{{PDB3|1jq8}}B:1-121     {{PDB3|1tgm}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|2b17}}A:1-121
{{PDB3|1oxl}}B:1-121     {{PDB3|1sv3}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1oyf}}A:1-121
{{PDB3|1tk4}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1th6}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1kpm}}A:1-121
{{PDB3|2arm}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1sqz}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1fb2}}B:1-121
{{PDB3|1ti0}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1q7a}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1tg4}}A:1-121
{{PDB3|1sv9}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1q6v}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1zr8}}A:1-121
{{PDB3|1tjk}}A:1-121     {{PDB3|1kvo}}A:21-144    {{PDB3|1ayp}}D:21-144
{{PDB3|1n28}}A:22-144    {{PDB3|1dcy}}A:21-144    {{PDB3|1n29}}A:22-144
{{PDB3|1db4}}A:21-144    {{PDB3|1j1a}}B:21-144    {{PDB3|1bbc}} :21-144
{{PDB3|1pod}} :21-144    {{PDB3|1poe}}B:21-144    {{PDB3|1kqu}}A:21-144
{{PDB3|1db5}}A:21-144    {{PDB3|1le7}}A:33-154    {{PDB3|1le6}}B:33-154
}}
'''Fosfolipaze A2''' (PLA2, {{EC broj|3.1.1.4}}, ''lecitinaza A'', ''fosfatidaza'', ''fosfatidolipaza'', ''fosfolipaza A'') su enzimi koji odvajaju [[masna kiselina|masne kiseline]] sa drugog atoma ugljenika [[glicerol]]a. Sistematsko ime je ''fosfatidilholin 2-acilhidrolaza''.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Haemolysins in venoms of Australian snakes. Observations on the haemolysins of the venoms of some Australian snakes and the separation of phospholipase A from the venom of ''Pseudechis porphyriacus'' | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_biochemical-journal_1961-04_78_4/page/820 |author = Doery, H.M. and Pearson, J.E. |journal = Biochem. J. |date = 1961 |volume = 78 |pages = 820-827 |pmid = 13723433}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Inactivation of crotoxin by group-specific reagents |author = Fraenkel-Conrat, H. and Fraenkel-Conrat, J. |journal = Biochim. Biophys. Acta |date = 1950 |volume = 5 |pages = 98-104 |pmid = 15433984}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = The site of attack of phospholipase (lecithinase) A on lecithin: a re-evaluation. Position of fatty acids on lecithins and triglycerides | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-biological-chemistry_1960-07_235_7/page/1917 |author = Hanahan, D.J., Brockerhoff, H. and Barron, E.J. |journal = J. Biol. Chem. |date = 1960 |volume = 235 |pages = 1917-1923 |pmid = 14399412}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Some observations on the specificity of phospholipase A |author = Moore, J.H. and Williams, D.L. |journal = Biochim. Biophys. Acta |date = 1964 |volume = 84 |pages = 41-54 |pmid = 14124755}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = A study of the purification and properties of the phospholipase A of ''Crotalus adamanteus'' venom | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-biochemistry_1962_32/page/521 |author = Saito, K. and Hanahan, D.J. |journal = Biochemistry |date = 1962 |volume = 1 |pages = 521-532 |pmid = 14496116}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Intracellular phospholipases A |author = van den Bosch, H. |journal = Biochim. Biophys. Acta |date = 1980 |volume = 604 |pages = 191-246 |pmid = 6252969}}</ref> Ovaj enzim [[Kataliza|katalizuje]] sledeću [[hemijska reakcija|hemijsku reakciju]]

: fosfatidilholin + H<sub>2</sub>O <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> 1-acilglicerofosfoholin + karboksilat

Ove [[fosfolipaza|fosfolipaze]] specifično prepoznaju sn-2 [[acil]]nu vezu [[fosfolipid]]a i katalitički [[hidroliza|hidrolizuju]] vezu oslobađajući [[arahidonska kiselina|arahidonsku kiselinu]] i [[lizofosfolipid]]e. Nakon naknadne modifikacije [[ciklooksigenaza]]ma, [[arahidonska kiselina]] postaje [[eikozanoid]]. Eikozanoidi obuhvataju [[prostaglandin]]e i [[leukotrien]]e, koji se kategorizuju kao inflamatorni posrednici.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Dennis EA |title=Diversity of group types, regulation, and function of phospholipase A2 |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue=18 |pages=13057–60 |year=1994 |month=May |pmid=8175726 |url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8175726 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

PLA2 je široko rasprostranjena u životinjskim tkivima. Ona je prisutna kod insekata i u zmijskom venomu.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Nicolas JP, Lin Y, Lambeau G, Ghomashchi F, Lazdunski M, Gelb MH |title=Localization of structural elements of bee venom phospholipase A2 involved in N-type receptor binding and neurotoxicity |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue=11 |pages=7173–81 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9054413 |url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9054413 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.11.7173 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Venom zmija i insekata se ulgavnom sastoji od [[melitin]]a, koji je PLA2 stimulant. Usled povećanog prisustva i aktivnosti PLA2 nakon uboda zmije ili insekta, dolazi do disproporcionalnog oslobađanja [[arahidonska kiselina]] iz [[Lipidni dvosloj|fosfolipidnih membrana]]. Rezultat toga je inflamacija i bol.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Argiolas A, Pisano JJ |title=Facilitation of phospholipase A2 activity by mastoparans, a new class of mast cell degranulating peptides from wasp venom |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=258 |issue=22 |pages=13697–702 |year=1983 |month=November |pmid=6643447 |url=http://www.jbc.org/content/258/22/13697.full.pdf+html}}</ref> Takođe postoji i [[prokariotska fosfolipaza A2]].

Ostali tipovi [[fosfolipaza]] su [[fosfolipaza A1]], [[fosfolipaza B]], [[fosfolipaza C]], i [[fosfolipaza D]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Cox, Michael; Nelson, David R.; Lehninger, Albert L |title=Lehninger principles of biochemistry |publisher=W.H. Freeman |location=San Francisco |year=2005 |pages= |isbn=0-7167-4339-6 |edition=4th}}</ref>

== Izoezimi ==
[[Izoenzim]]i ljudske fosfolipaze A2 su:
* Grupa I: [[PLA2G1B]]
* Grupa II: [[PLA2G2A]], {{Gene|PLA2G2C}}, [[PLA2G2D]], {{Gene|PLA2G2E}}, {{Gene|PLA2G2F}}
* Grupa III: {{Gene|PLA2G3}}
* Grupa IV: [[PLA2G4A]], [[PLA2G4B]], [[PLA2G4C]], {{Gene|PLA2G4D}}, {{Gene|PLA2G4E}}, {{Gene|PLA2G4F}}
* Grupa V: [[PLA2G5]]
* Grupa VI: [[PLA2G6]]
* Grupa VII: [[Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2|PLA2G7]]
* Grupa X: [[PLA2G10]]
* Grupa XII: [[PLA2G12A]], {{Gene|PLA2G12B}}

[[Proteinski domen]] fosfolipaze A2 sadrži i:
* {{Gene|OC90}}

== Reference ==
{{reflist}}

== Literatura ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{PriceEnzymology3rd}}
* {{TooneAdvancesInEnzymology}}
* {{Branden ProteinStructure2nd}}
* {{SegelEnzymeKinetics}}
* {{CopelandEvaluationOfEnzymeInhibitors2nd}}
* {{MichalBiochemicalPathways}}
{{refend}}

== Vanjske veze ==
* {{MeshName|Phospholipase+A2}}
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{{Esteraze}}
{{Lipidna signalizacija}}

{{Enzimi}}

[[Kategorija:Periferni membranski proteini]]
[[Kategorija:EC 3.1.1]]